The Communication Decency Act: The Fight For Freedom of Speech on the Internet :: essays research papers

The Communication Decency Act: The Fight For Freedom of Speech on the Internet      The Communication Decency Act is a bill which has offended our privilege as American residents. It a bill which SHOULD not pass. I'll impart to you how Web clients are responding to this bill, and why they state it is unlawful.      Some people can't help contradicting one piece of the bill. As per http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-receptacle/inquiry/z?c104:s.652.enr:, which has the Interchanges Decency Act on-line for open survey,: "Whoever utilizes an Network access to send to an individual or people under 18 years of age......any remark, demand, recommendation, proposition, image,........or anything hostile as estimated by contemporary network norms, sexual or excretory exercises or organs.....shall be fined $250,000 if the person(s) is/are under 18....... detained not more than two years.......or both."      The wording of that segment appears to be reasonable. Be that as it may, if this one little section is endorsed, numerous locales, for example, the: Venus de Milo site situated at: http://www.paris.org/Musees/Louver/Treasures/gifs/venusdemilo.gif; the Sistine Sanctuary at: http://www.oir.ucf.edu/wm/paint/auth/michelangelo/michelangelo.creation and Michelangelo's David @ http://fileroom.aaup.uic.edu/FileRoom/pictures/image201.gif couldn't be gotten to and utilized by anyone younger than 18. These works of craftsmanship and numerous other gallery pictures would not be accessible. The bill says these destinations show profane pictures.      The next piece of the CDA has everyone in a major legitimate fit. We, concerned Web clients, took the authors of this bill to court, and we won.      This part of the bill states: "Whoever....makes, makes, or solicits...........any remark, demand, recommendation, proposition, picture, or other correspondence which is disgusting, salacious, prurient, soiled, or indecent.......with expectation to disturb, misuse, compromise, or irritate another person......by methods for an Web page..........shall be fined $250,000 under title 18......imprisoned not more than two years....or both......"      The essayist of that passage of the bill overlooked something. It disregards the constitution. The First Amendment states: "Congress will make no law....prohibiting or condensing the opportunity of speech......the right of the individuals serenely to assemble.....and to request of the Government.............."      This bill does precisely that. It says we can't communicate our emotions neatly. I comprehend that what might bear some significance with me, might be hostile to others. Numerous individuals set up notice signs on their sites expressing, "This site may contain hostile material. In the event that you are effectively irritated you may not have any desire to come here." If the journalists of this bill would have recorded that as a prerequisite there would experience been no difficulty.      Here is the manner in which I take a gander at it. I believe that a few things ought to be controlled on the Internet. Youngster erotic entertainment, for example, is now illicit, so it follows that it ought to likewise be illicit on the Internet. Additionally, mentally, it harms the youngsters in question.      Something else that ought to be prohibited from the Internet are "hacker"

Alchemy Essays - Hermeticism, Paranormal, Alchemy, Esotericism

Speculative chemistry Essays - Hermeticism, Paranormal, Alchemy, Esotericism Speculative chemistry Speculative chemistry There are numerous approaches to inspect the subject of speculative chemistry, including speculative chemistry as a wellspring of imagery, brain research, and enchantment. It has likewise been an impact on the world perspective on different scholars, craftsman, and performers. The focal point of this report is speculative chemistry as a pre-science, which gave another drive towards the readiness of therapeutic cures and furthermore was a significant effect on the present logical examinations. Speculative chemistry is an old craftsmanship, rehearsed in the Middle Ages. The major idea of speculative chemistry originated from Aristotle's convention that everything will in general arrive at flawlessness. Since different metals were believed to be less immaculate than gold, it was sensible to accept that nature made gold out of different metals discovered profound inside the earth and that a talented craftsman could copy this procedure. It was said that once somebody had the option to change, or transmute a base substance into the ideal metal, gold, they would have accomplished interminable life and salvation. Along these lines, speculative chemistry transformed into a logical mission, however an otherworldly journey also. Despite the fact that the reasons and procedures were intermittently formal and whimsical, speculative chemistry was from various perspectives the forerunner of present day science, particularly the study of science. The origin of speculative chemistry was old Egypt, where, in Alexandria, it started to prosper during the Hellenistic time frame. Likewise around then, a school of speculative chemistry was creating in China. The works of some Greek logicians might be viewed as among the absolute first concoction hypotheses, for example, the hypothesis that everything is made out of air, earth, fire, and water. Each of these were spoken to by various components, for example, sulfur, salt, mercury, and, preferably, gold. Different thoughts held by chemists were that every one of the realized components were spoken to by eminent bodies. Gold was earth's portrayal of the sun, silver for the moon, mercury for the planet Mercury, copper for Venus, iron for Mars, tin for Jupiter, and lead for Saturn. The run of the mill chemist's research center in Renaissance Europe was a dull, jumbled spot that smelled of smoke and puzzling synthetic substances. Numerous chemists worked at home, so as to set aside cash and maintain a strategic distance from outside impedance. Some settled in the kitchen, to exploit the cooking fire. Others picked the loft or basement, where late-night action was more averse to be seen by curious neighbors. These little, improvised research centers were frequently loaded up with a dirty clutter of instruments, original copies, skulls, creature examples, and arranged supernatural articles. Most chemists additionally had a modify in their lab, which was a guide they considered important to the profound parts of their interest interminable life and impossible force. In these environmental factors that owed more to otherworldliness than to science, endeavors to find the enchanted substance that would transform base metals into gold incidentally laid a significant pa rt of the basis for the later order of applied science. Chemists were the first to segregate various synthetic substances, from phosphorus to hydrochloric corrosive, and they additionally grew new gear and strategies for refining liquids, measuring metals, and controlling compound responses. One strategy the chemist assisted with creating was the utilization of warmth to begin responses. Thomas Norton, a fifteenth century chemist composed An ideal Master ye may call him valid, that knoweth his Heates both high and lowe. The chemist tried different things with various heaters, water showers, and other warming mechanical assembly. They likewise refined the procedure of refining and made numerous carafes and stills. As the world moved toward the late eighteenth century, individuals became suspicious of speculative chemistry's supernatural and visionary endeavors at transforming normal metals into gold. The chemists of Europe at that point partitioned into two separate gatherings. One gathering took up the visionary, otherworldly side of the more established speculative chemistry and formed it into a training dependent on imposture, sorcery, and misrepresentation, which is the overarching idea of speculative chemistry today. The other gathering, be that as it may, committed themselves to the logical revelation of new mixes and responses. These couple of researchers were the authentic precursors of present day science.

Christianity, Islam and Terrorism :: Threats To World Peace

The continuous clashes in Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and different nations of the Middle East and Africa have impacted American popular conclusion against Muslims. There is a central misguided judgment of what precisely Islam authorizes, energizes, and permits. The fundamentals of the Islamic confidence are, obviously, not quite the same as those of Christianity, which wins in America today. Notwithstanding, the two beliefs share much in like manner and there is no discerning motivation to see Islam as a â€Å"extremist† confidence, anything else than Christianity ought to be seen that way. How do Christianity and Islam contrast, and how are they comparative? What shared belief can be reached between two societies that conflict so savagely? While Islam and Christianity are one of a kind and contrast from multiple points of view, the two beliefs share comparable highlights, that when dissected objectively, can join the two societies under the flag of comprehension. The confidence of Islam focuses itself in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, just as Christianity does. Old Testament stories show up in the heavenly book of Islam, the Qur’an, just as New Testament occasions. Islam doesn't question the veracity of the Bible, simply adds to it. In actuality, Islam itself claims Old Testament roots. In the Old Testament story of Abraham, Sara, and Hagar, Abraham has two children †Isma’il (Ishmael) and Isaac. Muslims guarantee the line of Isma’il as their progenitor, and the Qur’an states, â€Å"We will love Thy Allah and the Allah of thy fathers, of Abraham, Isma'il and Isaac, - the one (True) Allah. To Him we bow (in Islam). 1 â€Å"Father Abraham† is held in high respect in the confidence of Islam. It is written in the Holy Qur’an, â€Å"Also notice in the Book (the tale of) Abraham: He was a man of Truth, a prophet.†2 Jesus is likewise regularly referenced in the Qur’an, not as the child of God, however as a prophet. The wonders He performed are recognized as perfect demonstrations of God that happened through him, and it is likewise recognized that he was dependent upon skepticism at that point. As per the Qur’an, God (or Allah) says to Jesus, â€Å"O Jesus the child of Mary! Relate My kindness to thee and to thy mother. View! I fortified thee with the Holy Spirit, so thou didst address the individuals in adolescence and in development. See! I educated thee the Book and Wisdom, the Law and the Gospel and see! thou makest out of earth, so to speak, the figure of a winged animal, by My leave, and thou breathest into it and it becometh a flying creature by My leave, and thou healest those brought into the world visually impaired, and the outcasts, by My leave.

Food Customs in Saudi Arabia and Differences in the U.S Essay

Food Customs in Saudi Arabia and Differences in the U.S - Essay Example In noon, they as a rule take a plate of rice with side dishes of vegetables and servings of mixed greens (Advameg 1). The most widely recognized refreshment is light broiled Arabic Coffee without sugar. Notwithstanding, the espresso is typically spiced (Advameg 1). Then again, there are restricted food things. They incorporate pork, wine, and mixed drinks. The other remarkable thing is food during functions. The appearance of visitor is paid attention to with butcher of sheep, goat, or camel. In other get-togethers, for the most part there is conciliatory butcher of sheep (Advameg 1). In these occasions, meat is bubbled in tremendous pots. Soup is given to visitor while the rest is poured in enormous plate of rice on top (Advameg 1). The male individuals and visitor encompass the plate where they eat utilizing hands rather than spoons or forks. Ladies and young ladies ordinarily eat independently. Notwithstanding, there is a distinction in United States. The nation vigorously depends on prepared food and quick nourishments (Advameg 1). The eating regimen is wealthy in salt, fat, and refined sugars. Others have started to embrace natural nourishments (Advameg 1). In the vast majority of the functions, for example, weddings, memorial services huge tired cakes are generally served. Toward the beginning of the day, they as a rule take espresso. In most social events, lager is normal. In other social events, for example, sports, brew, sausages, popcorn, and candy are normal (Advameg 1). Besides, food is normally taken utilizing spoons and forks with all relatives

Top 10 Application Tips #10 Follow the Blog COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Application Tips #10 â€" Follow the Blog COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the 1oth entry in our series entitled “Top 10 Application Tips.” The last tip is quite simple and something we hope you are already doing following this blog. This blog is the number one source of communication and information from our office.   In the coming weeks we will answer common questions such as . . . When will I find out my decision? How will I be informed of my decision? Will there be an admitted student day?   When? If I am admitted, how long do I have to respond? How do I apply for housing? What financial aid might be available? We also hope to provide informative and entertaining content relative to the process so stay tuned and Happy New Year!

The Body Shop International - Free Essay Example

|Body Shop International PLC 2001 Case Study Solution Introduction to Financial Modeling | [pic][pic][pic][pic]The first question that usually proposed for this case study is in regards to the revenue issue; What was the cause of the lack of growth in revenue during the late 90s? The 2nd question deals with the rapid growth in 2001; What was the cause of the rapid increase in sales in 2001 and what were the negative impacts of the rapid growth. Issues surrounding the lack of growth in revenue: In the early to mid 90s, the revenue growth for Body Shop was at least 20% each year. But by the late 1990s, the revenue growth fell to 8%. Body Shop was able to grow at a fast pace early in the decade because of the lack of competition. But by the end of the decade, the competition grew fierce. Another reason for the slow growth in the late 90s was the over expansion in the previous years. Almost every mall in America (and shopping street in Britain) had a Body Shop. How would the Body Shop forecast earnings so they would not be blind-sided by another decline in OIBT? Financial Forecasting This case study is very simple and straight-forward. It usually is one of the first cases presented in class, as it is the first case in the book because it is the easiest. Because of the lack of revenue growth, Anita Roddick (founder of the Body Shop) was forced to step-down from the CEO position. The fresh management team, assembled by the new CEO Patrick Gournay, was able to increase revenue by 13% in their first year (2001). However, in their attempt to grow the revenue, they lost 21% in their OIBT. The major reason why this occurred was because of a lack of forecasting through the use of financial modeling. Key Aspects of the Body Shop Case Study (based on implied assumptions) 1. Because the hybrid method of financial forecasting is used, the cost of goods sold as a percent of sales should be addressed in your analysis. For example, the COS % of Sales is 42% in 1999, 39. 7% in 2000, 39. 8% in 2001, and you need to provide a forecast for 2002 2004. The COS % of Sales in the 3 year forecast should never go above 42% because of the current market conditions, and at best should increase to 41% in 2004. To be conservative, the 2002 and 2003 %s should average 40. 25%. (Another way to handle this is to do a sensitivity analysis; say the % was 35 for all 3 years, then do it again at 37, 40, 42 and 45 and show how this impacts the bottom line. Then choose the best estimate) 2. Revenue should grow 10 15% in 2002 2004. 3. Working capital should keep increasing over the forecasted time period. 4. At least 1 major competitor will go bankrupt, and another will be acquired by a company that is not the Body Shop.

What is Religion Essay

Curious to man is his origin. Man’s genesis has baffled philosophers and intellectuals for centuries upon centuries.   No definitive answer has been given but several theories have been put forward.   Among the theories postulated, is the Creation Theory. This theory forms the basis of most religions. The theory states that a supernatural being created everything out of nothing and governs the universe. The world, through it’s diverse in cultures and beliefs, has led to the genesis of several religions most of which have a constant factor, a supernatural being; a Creator. What the Creator is referred to differs from place to place. Christians call him God, Muslims refer to him as Allah and Buddhists say Buddha. The main goal of most religions based on this theory is the veneration of the Creator and the ideal that we are all created to live up to his standards. Religion: is this a way of life? The term religion comes from the Latin verb ‘Religare’ which means binding. According to onlinedictionary.com, religion is a set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs. There are 3 major religions with at least 1 billion followers which are: Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism (of which Buddhism may or may not be considered an offshoot). It is however impossible to accurately predict the number of religions. This is because there are many small, isolated religions in certain parts of the world. Some claim that there are as many religions as there are people, a rough estimation would put it at approximately 6.7 billion believers in the world today. However, this figure can only be factored in tentatively, as there are new religions that are made almost every day. So what is religion really? What does it entail to be religious? Are there any perks associated with this moral high ground? And if so, what are they? These are some of the many questions that have continuously plagued my mind and the search for their answers has not been comforting. As a child, I was brought up in a Christian home. I was taught to believe in God, to live according to the Christian doctrines and uphold Christian morals and values, to know that there is a place of eternal joy (heaven) for those who follow the Christian doctrine and a place of eternal suffering (hell) for those who shun the teachings. Scriptures often quoted on a daily basis and most like Romans 3:23(for the wages of sin are death) would serve to haunt my conscience should I contemplate any mischief. This has lead to the metamorphosis of my four point approach to Christianity: the major belief, the doctrine, the promise and the consequence. I had always taken religion and Christianity as synonyms. I would use them interchangeably as they meant one and the same thing. Going to church; obeying parents; reading the bible; being good to others and striving to do good at all times; religion to me meant that there was someone high above watching my every action and ready to punish me for any misdemeanors. This meant not associating to the people of other religions and sects. Cults and occults have always been an abomination. There was nothing that I could do in hiding, which meant living in fear. Then I grew up. I became older; I began having a deeper comprehension of things and started to question and challenge authority. Questions were not left to be questions anymore but now involved a deeper sense of satisfaction derived from seeking the answers. The question that most are still asking to date is: which religion is the ordained one? Which will lead to heaven? Is there even a heaven? Is it the Catholics or is it the Buddhists? As I understand it now, religion is like someone’s personality. One cannot ‘confine it to a box’ or try to seek one generalization to serve for all. Religion is dynamic, it means different things to different people and different people practice it differently. There are also some controversial aspects of religion such as the ever present association of the ever Islam culture with an affinity for terrorism. Albeit not true, many accentuate this misinformed notion and consequently many fail to interact with people of different cultures. Do the actions of fellow believers define who you are? Do the doctrines of your faith necessarily confine you to them? I would suggest that they do not. Ones faith is versatile and choice will forever be the determining factor of free will. Thus one should be defined by their actions and no by the deeds of their kind. Many religions are based on faith as many have not yet seen their supreme being and thus rely on their faith to continue in this ‘way of life’. But what is faith? Faith is simply the belief in the unseen. This is, in essence what drives religion. If we were to be guided by traditional definitions and ways of handling religion, it would mean that very few people are correct about this matter. What would then happen to the rest of the populations? Because of the nature of the subject and lack of credible answers to support theses, another group of individuals has been on the rise: atheists. What do we make of atheists? Atheism has been in existence since time immemorial and the number of people who choose this path is ever increasing. These are people who’ve chosen to not believe in the whole aspect of religion and are not attached or follow any particular one. They choose to find a neutral ground but as popularly asserted: I would rather live as if there was a God and find out that there is none, than to live as if there is none and find out that there is. In conclusion, regardless of the affiliation to a particular religious group, they all point out towards and accept or recognize a supreme being. The question of whether which one is more correct than the other, is however not my call to make. I have always been a Christian. I always will be. However, there is a big difference between the Christian that I was and the Christian that I am now. I am now more informed in decisions and there is a reason for my decisions and my accepted way of doing things and also how I perceive them. This however, does not mean that I consign my religion to a pedestal and consider the others as rubbish. No! I believe that it is important to fully understand what you believe in and with equal measure stand up for it. More importantly, is the ability to develop a relationship between you and your God. The different sects might and could be misleading, so developing a more close relationship will be able to justify your actions should you be held accountabl e.

Abuse and Victimization in US Prisons - 639 Words

In the United States 2,193,798 people are held in federal prisons, local prisons and local county jails. Inlocal prisons 62% of the inmates have a mental illness (56.2 % in federal and 44.8 in local prisons)Most of the inmates could have prevented their stay if they were provided help for their illness , however they were not and they still have to serve their sentence. The inmates are abused daily by other inmates and even officers in charge.They cannot help they have an illness and its unfair they have to suffer a punishment worse than they already have.They are tourmented and the abuse does not help, the aggitation can even make the situation worse.The treatment available in the jails is poor quality if there is any at all.They are given harsh punishments or even get their sentences extended. Many people go about their lives not knowing they have a mental illness.Some like illnesses like anxiety and panic disorders are easily spotted,some are not. If they are not talked about yo u would never know that the person was diagnosed with anything.Some commonly known illnesses would be : ADD/ADHD(Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder), OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder),PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder),Autism, Depression ,and eating disorders like bulima and anorexia. The lesser known illnesses include : SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder) Schizophrenia ,Bipolar and personality disorders. There is also a increase in dual-diagnosis , in which the person is diagnosedShow MoreRelatedAccording To The United States Census Bureau, The United1484 Words   |  6 Pagesled to this massive growth in prison population, but are these harsh methods effective? Instead of a place for rehabilitation, prison is a breeding ground for criminal enterprises. Serious issues such as sexual assault, drugs abuse, overcrowding, and inadequate programming further exacerbate the problems that render the penal system in the United States ineffective. â€Å"The funny thing is, on the outside, I was an honest man, straight as an arrow. I had to come to prison to be a crook.† said Andy DufresneRead MoreA Report By Mother Jones Reporter Shane Bauer Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pageswho worked as a prison guard for four months to research his article, says that one fifth of prison inmates have been physically assaulted by another prisoner or a guard. Between 3% and 9% of male inmates say they have been sexually assaulted behind bars suggesting that up to 180,000 current inmates may have been sexually assaulted of which only 8,800 cases have been officially reported. Women, who form 7% of the total prison population, have higher figures for sexual victimization. Some 22% of allRead MoreRelationship Between Male Childhood Sexual Victimization And Sexual Offending Of Adulthood2439 Words   |  10 PagesEach year there are more than three million reports of child abuse made in the US which involves more than six million children. S exual child abuse is a rapidly growing problem in America. Sexual child abuse is no longer something kept behind closed doors. Since child abuse involves millions of children it is a major problem. The proposal of the research is to explore the relationship between male childhood sexual victimization and sexual offending in adulthood. The research will compose using twoRead MoreResearch Proposal, Part I977 Words   |  4 Pagesrequest that is linked to high-quality treatment, disease prevention education, substance abuse treatment, and discharge planning and transitional programs for releases. General area being studied Sexual activity among inmates is a complex phenomenon that occurs along a continuum, from the entirely consensual to the violently coerced. The New York Times detailed a gang-run system of sexual slavery in a Texas prison, where at least 1 gay inmate claimed he was bought and sold numerous times and â€Å"forcedRead MoreViolence Tends To Threaten The Organization Of Society.1648 Words   |  7 Pagessexual and psychological injury, including battering, pornography, sexual assault, incest, child abuse and sexual harassment. Advertisers use sex to get our attention and they make claims about their product’s ability to make us popular, attractive and successful. In my opinion ads affect us in potentially damaging ways. The ads portray bodies, especially those of women as objects, which forces us to seeing each other in dehumanizing ways. Although this is not a physical form of violence it isRead MoreMental Disorders And Its Effects916 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the plight of mentally disordered women in prisons in no better than that of their male counterparts, harsher sentences, especially drug offenses cause overcrowding in women’s prisons. These inmates are a diverse group with a wide range of treatment needs. In many occasions these inmates have more than one diagnosis as evidenced by research. Research indicates that many women going into correctional facilities not only have substance abuse problems but mental disorders as well. They are alsoRead MoreCompassion Impacts Wayward Youth1619 Words   |  7 Pagesto determine whether or not they deem that there is a chance of recidivism. Thus, the outcomes can COG can be a longer stay a Giddings, prison or parole. Parole is also known as a success plan. The juvenile creates this plan and presents it as his evaluation hearing. If given parole, if the juvenile does not follow the success plan, they could end up in prison. Many juveniles were interviewed throughout the book. At the end of the book, there was a description of how each one that achieved paroleRead MoreShould Drugs Be Legalized? Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of drugs is among the most polarizing issues faced by the US government today. The increase in organized crime related to drug trafficking has forced authorities to reevaluate their stance on their legalization issue, and yet there are those in the civil society that oppose such legalization vehemently. Though there is evidence that many of the banned and scheduled subs tances can be attributed to a range of health benefits and treatment of diseases, the American experience withRead MoreGendered Pathways Into Crime = Gendered Pathways Out of Crime2594 Words   |  11 PagesPrograms in prisons that are tailored to women’s unparalleled needs would benefit society in the grand scheme of things. On an individual level it could break the cycle of abuse, victimization, and self-loathing. It is essential that the double damage done to female offenders be repaired because they deserve an unbiased chance at a good life. After all, they could represent your mother, aunt, sister, niece, wife and girlfriend. In her book, A woman doing life: Notes from a prison for women, ErinRead MoreDrug World Organizations: Drug Cartels1436 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States and Mexico become involved in crime and the illicit drug economy. These roles are complex and contradictory. While drug smuggling and other forms of female involvement in crime on the U.S.-Me xico border often lead to victimization, neglect, and abuse, manipulation of these roles can serve as a vehicle for female empowerment and liberation from male control. Large organizations called cartels reign over the illegal drug economy in Mexico which are in constant violent competition against

The New York City Family Court - 1490 Words

According to the 2010 Plan for the Future of the New York City Family Court, the main goal of family court relies on ensuring â€Å"the highest standard of justice for each and every litigant who enters the courthouse† (2010). This is done by executing a sequence of processes and by providing different resources to individuals involved in the case. There are three major organizations that serve an important role in Family Court. These organizations ensure justice for individuals entering the family court system by providing a variety of different services. These organizations include the Administration for Children’s Services, the Legal Aid Society and the Panel of 18b Attorneys. Each of the three organizations mentioned, work to ensure the welfare of children and service to families by providing a variety of different services. Administration for Children’s Services The Administration for Children’s Services otherwise known as ACS, is an organization that works to ensure the welfare of children and to service families by providing a variety of different services. As stated on the Administration for Children’s Services website, their mission is portrayed as the following â€Å"To protects and promotes the safety and well-being of New York City’s children, young people, families, and communities by providing excellent child welfare, juvenile justice, and early care and education services†. The Administration for Children’s Services has had a great impact in the lives of children,Show MoreRelatedCase Study : Agostini Vs. Felton 825 Words   |  4 Pagesof Facts of the Case: The federal district court ruled against New York City about the appeal to allow public school teachers to provide instruction to students in parochial schools. The Court interpreted the Establishment Clause as a strict separation between religion and government affairs. The parochial school board, and some parents brought this case to the Supreme Court to seek review. The outcome of the suit concluded with a 5-4 decision. The court stated that money could be funded by federalRead MoreThe State Judicial Selection Process884 Words   |  4 Pageswithin its court system. The judicial processes vary from court to court depending on a particular state. This paper analyses these processes, the qualifications for selecting the judges and the steps for removing judges from office, as it applies in the USA states of New York and Texas. To begin with my state, the New York judicial system comprises of the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court, Appellate Division, the Supreme Court, County Courts and Limited Jurisdiction Courts, Surrogate’s Court and FamilyRead MoreThe Governmental Branches Of The United States Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThree governmental branches were created by the new constitution: an executive branch, a judicial branch and a legislative branch. The constitution called for the election of a governor and 24 senators and identified eligible voters as men who were possessed of freeholds of the value of one hundred pounds, over and above all debts charged thereon. The constitution also called for the election of 70 assemblymen for 14 declared counties who were to be elected by male inhabitant of full age, who shallRead MoreThe Causes Of Juvenile Delinquency1172 Words   |  5 Pages Every year approximately 2.1 million youth under the age of 18 are arrested in the United States. Alt hough the overall rates have been declining over the past years, approximately 1.7 million delinquency cases are disposed of in juvenile courts annually. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, there is an estimated of 921,000 violent crimes committed by juvenile offenders. The highest number being related to juvenile crimes involve aggravated assaultRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Youth Around The World878 Words   |  4 Pagessocial control and rules. Some of the main reasons, of juvenile crimes are caused by family breakdown, child abuse, a violation of the inalienable rights of children to receive education and health care, along with living in bad conditions during childhood. Other expert’s say that an increase in juvenile crimes could be also caused due to the stress associated with education, the destruction of traditional family values and also early signs of individualism. Looking back at the history of crimeRead MoreNew York City Of Red Hook Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesrest of New York City and the rest of Brooklyn by an elevated highway and a lack of public transportation, the citizens of Red Hook were despite for a much needed change. By looking at the success that followed from Manhattan’s first community court, the citizens of Red Hook believed that the same success could be achieved in their neighborhood as well. Thus, in the year 2000, the community of Red Hook opened its doors to its new courthouse, which was once a vacant school house. In 1938, New YorkRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights933 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst them are dropped. Throughout the years following its creation, the Supreme Court has reviewed many cases regarding civil liberties. During the Vietnam War, there were many political scandals that plagued Washington. 1 One in specific formed the Supreme Court case, New York Times Company v. United States. The case went as followed, an anonymous source leaked portions of a highly classified report to The New York Times. The report now famously referred to as the Pentagon Papers, stirred up controversyRead MoreThe Fight for Gay Marriage1385 Words   |  6 Pagesyears the homosexual community has made great strides in attempting to justify their right to legally join in matrimony. Society as a whole has come a long way in becoming more tolerant and acknowledging of same sex partners and their choices to form families. Given our first amendment right to freedom of speech, there are plenty of senti ments regarding whether or not laws should be ratified permitting these male or female partners to have the legal right to marry. There are numerous of current trendsRead MoreThe New York Conspiracy Trials: Race and Class Essay723 Words   |  3 PagesThe New York Conspiracy Trials happened in New York during the year 1741. Before this year, countless other slave revolts occurred that made the New Yorkers anxious and nervous for an uprising. During the particularly cold winter of 1741, many whites were afraid that slave revolts would happen again. On top of that, New York had helped Britain against Spain. Countless of these worried folks thought that the slaves (along with some poor whites) and the Spanish were going to work together to overthrowRead MoreThe Rent Regulation Laws Of 20151158 Words   |  5 Pagesis it affordable for? The average household income in New York City where the rent is changing the most don’t make enough for the new affordable rent which is about 2700 a month. Also these solutions just solve the question of the limited stabilized rent and not the issue of stopping the removal of the population that was already there nor the gap between the rich and the poor. You said you are a mayor for the working class and their families and sought to protect our most vulnerable people from

African Countries, Sierra Leon And Ghana - 1502 Words

I have chosen to dissect two West African countries, Sierra Leon and Ghana, along with Peru located in South America and lastly the United States located in North America. Sierra Leon is a British established colony founded in 1787 for slaves returning to Africa from Great Britain and also the United States, its primary language is Krio spoken by 97% of citizens. Sierra Leone became an independent country within the Commonwealth of Nations on April 27 of 1961 and Freetown was deemed the capital city. Sierra Leone holds a population of 6,453,184 and population density of 89.4 per square kilometer. In spite that this country is very poor it still suffers the consequences of the Civil war. Yet its mineral, farming and angling assets still ensures potential for monetary future developments. Earnest Bai Koroma is the current President of Sierra Leon. Earnest Bai Koroma is a graduate from the oldest University in West Africa, Fourth Bay College class of 1976, born October 2 1953. Sierra L eon Presidential term limit consists of a maximum of 2 five-year term limits. Earnest BK is now serving his 2nd term as of 2007. During Earnest Bai Presidency Sierra Leonean faced detrimental governmental issues, commanded by the Ebola epidemic in West Africa in 2014. As the nation experienced the most exceedingly sicknesses ever. The President was condemned for the Government slow reaction and for the outrageous measures it took, for example, shutting down the whole nation to check the spreadShow MoreRelatedThe International Monetary Fund ( Imf )1501 Words   |  7 PagesWashington D.C in America. IMF provides short term loans to countries having problems of balance of payments. It also provides technical advice to its members and ensures free flow of trade by removing all trade restrictions. It establishes and maintains stable exchange rate between member countries. Each member of the IMF Funds and could only withdraws 25% of its contribution. However, the IMF has special Drawing Rights for member countries since 1970 and subsequently some members have even drawRead MorePolitics And Its Effect On Society1474 Words   |  6 Pagesas equal human beings not described with their reproductive organ, this making the former less of the better. Over the past few years, women have been pushed to the backbench and suffered gender discrimination and equality. In the third World countries the woman is seen more of an object or an asset owned by a man, where they are stuck doing menial jobs and rendering services for the man, who is considered the â€Å"head† of the family. Until recently, international agencies neglected the inclusionRead MoreKenya s Free Maternity Care Policy Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesPresident Uhuru Kenyatta, reported by the daily Nation A. Analysis Goal This paper examines Kenya’s free maternity care policy, highlighting its successes, gaps, and contextualizing it by comparing it to comparable policies in similar settings on the African continent and globally. Additionally, this analysis offers recommendations on ways to improve the implementation of the policy. B. Introduction and Problem Statement In front of cheering crowds celebrating the day Kenya attained self-rule –MadarakaRead MoreEssay about Terrorism Threats to the African Continent 1996 Words   |  8 Pagesterrorism to the Middle East, the African continent is silently grows as a safe haven for terrorist groups. Although these terrorist groups operate in different countries under different names, their connection to the most known international terror organizations is noticeable. For decades, countries of East, North and West Africa have been experiencing several heinous terrorist attacks that resulted into deaths of hundreds of people. The African states through African Union regarded terrorism as one

Btc Pipeline Turkish Delight or Russian Roulette Free Essays

INTRODUCTION Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is an oil pipeline that transports crude oil Caspian Sea to the Turkish coast, over three countries. BTC Company is a joint venture company responsible for the construction and operation of the whole $4bn pipeline, led by BP as majority shareholder. Spread across Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey largest cross-border infrastructure construction project in the world dubbed the â€Å"contract of the century†. We will write a custom essay sample on Btc Pipeline: Turkish Delight or Russian Roulette? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Financing was agreed after over two years of appraisal of the potential environmental and social impacts relating to the project. An underlying strategy is to reduce dependency on OPEC oil producers in the turbulent Middle East and to avoid Russia seen by America as a resurgent superpower. Aside from indirect benefits; Georgia and Turkey gain financial benefits through transit fees and Azerbaijan through the royalties and tax revenues, However, BTC co. encountered several social and environmental issues during the construction of the 1768km pipeline. Limited routing options meant encountering geo-hazard risks, potential harm and disturbance of communities and natural habitat, temporary land acquisition, revenue management and a volatile political environment. Thus this project received intense scrutiny by stakeholders and press for its lack in humility and effectiveness in resolving political, social, developmental and security concerns. THE OBJECTIVE/GOALS Stakeholder map. A visual mapping of parties that affect or about affected by an organization, strategy and in this case a project. Helps us identify the expectations and power of different stakeholders, this understand what ethical issues dilemmas are to be understood and resolved. METHOD / FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS We have chosen a normative approach (what should be done) for our analysis as opposed to a descriptive approach (how it is done). Generate solutions that enforce behaviorally standards; as we already have detailed evidence showing how it is done. Moral absolutism will be used by clearing stating what is right and wrong; which be rationally determined in order to come up with a universal applicable solution. This helps us come up with an objective stand-point on the subject. There will be examination of traditional ethical theories such as consequentialist and non-consequentialist approaches and stakeholder theories and new age concepts namely, corporate citizenship to help us justify our absolute perspective in solving the ethical dilemmas. THE MAIN ISSUES AND DILEMMAS BP FACE IN THIS CASE Political instability Pipeline Security Human Right Abuses Corruption Poor governance High expectations from local community Environmental Risks and Risk Assessment Intense scrutiny by pressure groups and media Land Acquisition and Land Compensation HOW WOULD YOU EVALUATE BP’S APPROACH TO SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY? BP set up a Regional Sustainability Development program (RSDP) to proactively address issues. Social 1) Community Investment Program ($20m addressed to social issues)-in Azerbaijan set with largely international groups-in Turkey with local Turkish organizationswith universities and private consultants firmsBP set up a monitoring and complaints procedure | Economical 1) Regional Development Initiative ($25m designed to accompany over 10yrs after opening) 2) Set up of local coordinators and in consultation with local community. ) Focus was improvement of local inf rastructure in road and civil construction 4) Projects aimed at agriculture and skill development| Environmental 1) Environmental Investment Program (to ecological issues)| CEO Lord Browne appointed a Caspian Development Advisory Panel, which provided recommendations such as assembly of an external body to conduct periodic reviews. ASSESS THE APPROACH FROM A PERSPECTIVE OF UTILIARIANISM AND DEONTOLOGY? According to utilitarianism,an action is morally right if it results in the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people affected by the action Based on cost? benefit analysis Rule utilitarianism * looks at classes of action and ask whether the underlying principles of an action produce more pleasure than pain for society in the long run Stakeholder| Cost| Benefit| BP and BTC co| * $25m +$20m programs * Opportunity cost * Failure of local actors * Subjected to a corrupt environment * Misuse of revenue * Complaints from locals| * Good Reputation * Helping society * Compliance| Financiers| % of investments go to CSR| * Mitigation of social development risks that would result to additional costs| Communities| Unfair treatmentHuman right abusesIssue of compensationLocal political divisions- 1 blood feud| * Financial investment in society and development projects * Structure in place for communication * First commercial strawberry farm| Government| External involvement of governance| * Investment for national development * Availability of resources| Pressure Groups| Alleged TortureHuman rights abuses| * Raised awareness of internal politics| Employees and Contractors| Unfair treatment| * Job Opportunities * Economic support| Environment| Destruction and disturbance of the environment| * Structure of a program to address issues| Agencies and NGO’s| Lack of credibility Public scrutiny | * Displayed support from BP * Increased involvement | Work from a German philosopher Immanuel Kant who development a theoretical framework called â€Å"categorical imperative†. This meant that this framework applied to every moral issue regardless of who is involved. It is made out of three maxims; which are: 1) Consistency throughout any situation ) Treat humanity always as an end and never as a means. 3) Universally acceptable These two theories introduce the issue of subjectivity due to intellectual scrutiny. ASSESSMENT FROM RIGHTS AND JUSTICE. HOW DOES IT DIFFER? Rights and justice is â€Å"based on a consensus about nature of human dignity†. It is objective in that it conceptualized on natural rights that â€Å"certain basic, important, unalienable entitlements that should be respected and protected in every single action. † In addition Ethics of justices means fair procedures and fair outcomes. A violation of these rights means the approach is seen as unethical. BP’s poor social and environmental assessment led to a display of lack of humility. SCOPE OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR MNC OPERATING IN ENVIRONMENTS OF CORRUPTION AND POOR GOVERNANCE. How far should BP made be responsible? Arguments against The corporation should solely be accountable to its shareholders in order to protect investments. In support of this argument, Milton Friedman published an article titled, â€Å" The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. † Stating only humans have moral responsibilities, managers should act in interests of its shareholders and social issues and problems are for governments to handle. Another perspective is that of Archie Carroll’s four-part model of CSR. Stating that CSR can be met by going through each level consecutively. Arguments for CSR seems to be widely accepted because of enlightened self-interests. However, corporations are now perceived assume a social actors, not only because of legislation but companies rely on the contribution of other parties. It now exists in a society. Thus, the introduction of corporate citizenship, in which the company acknowledges an extended political role. Obtaining citizenship means entitlement of civil, social and political rights; which are attached to responsibilities. Social rights (i. e. freedom to participate in society): BP provider / ignorer Civil rights (i. e. freedom from abuses): BP disabler/ enabler Political righs (i. e. right to participate in process of governance): BP chanelling / blocking Transparency International Corruption Perception Index| Year| Turkey| Azerbaijan| Georgia| 2002| 64| 95| 85| 2003| 77| 124| 124| 2006| 60| 130| 99| It can be argued that BP has fuelled the level of corruption as seen in the figures above. Therefore have to commit them to solving this social problem. What is the appropriate way for BP to respond to its on-going criticism? Virtue ethics Transparency Expose finding Protection Acts Auditing Body Discourse ethics Dialogue and Stakeholder Engagement Effective Complaint Procedure – eg. Response period Right to Information Systems in Place Land Ownership options Introduce this all over Azerbaijan not only Baku How to cite Btc Pipeline: Turkish Delight or Russian Roulette?, Papers

Hbs Case Study Guid free essay sample

What is the point of these cases? Contrary to what some might think, cases are not just another tool used by firms to weed people out of the burgeoning volume of applicants. They are in fact an excellent indicator of how good you will be as a consultant, pure and simple. Almost everyday, consultants face the kinds of problems and questions often presented in these cases. Often times, tough problem-solving questions are asked face-to-face by their clients, under pressure, with the expectations of receiving some answers. The case is usually a business situation where the client is facing a difficult problem with the company/product/competitors or is thinking of a new opportunity to explore and asks you to help address some of the issues. The case can be a problem, a situation, a riddle, an example of a real client situation, a contrived scenario, or a game—all rapped up into one. It is an exercise for the firms to test your analytical thinking and to examine how well you can handle problem-solving questions. It is also a great opportunity for you to determine whether consulting is actually right for you. If you do not enjoy problem-solving case interviews, the likelihood that you will enjoy consulting is fairly small. Because it is an exercise in problem solving, the case is not about finding the right or wrong answer, but rather about the method you use to derive your answer. It is about the questions you raise, the assumptions you make, the issues you identify, the areas of exploration you prioritize, the frameworks you use, the creativity involved, the logical solution you recommend, and the confidence and poise you present. HBS Case Interview Guide, Page 1 The case also gives a strong indication of your personality in that type of setting. Aside from the problem-solving skills listed above, the interviewer uses the case to determine whether the firm would feel comfortable putting you in front of a client. Would you be able to handle a client situation with confidence when presented with a similar situation? Also, the interviewer wants to see if you have fun solving problems. They want to see enthusiasm from you when faced with ambiguity and tough issues. Consultants almost always work in teams and the questions the interviewer is asking him/herself are: Would I want to staff this person on my team? Would I have fun working with him/her? So make sure you are relaxed and have fun. There are many types of cases that firms use. This guide covers some of the frameworks and concepts that would help you tackle most cases that come your way. No case ever fits perfectly into a type, like marketing or strategy. Most of the cases presented cover a number of concepts that would range from market sizing and operations to economics. This guide provides a review of major frameworks and concepts that will be very helpful in Cracking the Case. HBS Case Interview Guide, Page 2 Overview of Case Frameworks A complete understanding of the frameworks and concepts covered in this section is critical to conducting a successful case interview. Most Plans of Attack in Cracking the Case use at least one framework, often times several, to decipher the problem at hand and recommend a solution. NOTE: It is also very important for you NOT to directly apply these frameworks, i. e. you should never say during a case interview, Im going to use the 4Cs framework, or Ill be applying Porters Five Forces. This approach indicates no creative or analytical thought on your part! The more comfortable you become with these frameworks, the more you will start to develop your own and customize them according to the nature of the case. Remember, the interviewer is not looking for you to apply a cookie cutter approach to each case. You are exp ected to make sound judgment as to which frameworks are appropriate and what components of those frameworks are most applicable to the problem at hand. Frameworks are mere enablers that organize and guide your thinking. They are not the driving force behind the solutions and they certainly are not the solution themselves. The combination of your own intelligence, creativity, and preparation are the driving forces! HBS Case Interview Guide, Page 3 Porter’s Five Forces Source: Michael E. Porter, -Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors Michael Porters Five Forces is probably the most famous framework used in preparing for the case interviews. It has endured as one of the frameworks most talked about by many in and out of the consulting field. Although the Five Forces is an excellent framework in helping you organize you thoughts, like any other framework we cover in this guide, its analysis is not complete. The Five Forces should be used in conjunction with other frameworks to enable you to fully understand the issues at hand. Further, we only briefly touch on this framework here, but we have included more detailed material of Porters work later in this guide. New Entrants Competitive advantage in an industry is dependent on five primary forces: x The threat of new entrants x The bargaining power of buyers/customers x The bargaining power of suppliers x The threat of substitute products x Rivalry with competitors The degree of these threats determines the attractiveness of the market: x Intense competition allows minimal profit margins x Mild competition allows wider profit margins The goal is to assess whether a company should enter/exit the industry or find a position in the industry where it can best defend itself against these forces or can influence them in its favor. Buyers Competitive Rivalry Suppliers Substitute Products HBS Case Interview Guide, Page 4 Porter’s Five Forces Source: Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors Barriers to Entry: There are a number of factors that determine the degree of difficulty in entering an industry: x Economies of scale x Product differentiation x Capital requirements vs. switching costs x Access to distribution channels x Cost advantages independent of scale x Proprietary product technology x Favorable access to raw materials x Favorable location x Government subsidies x Learning curve x Government policy Relationship with Suppliers: A supplier group is powerful if: x It is not obliged to contend with other substitute products for sales in the industry x The industry is not an important customer of the supplier group x The supplier group is an important input to the buyers business x The supplier groups products are differentiated or it has built up switching costs x The supplier group poses a credible threat of forward integration Substitute Products: Substitute products that deserve the most attention are those that: x Compete in price with the industrys products x Are produced by industries earning high profits Rivalry: Rivalry among existing competitors increases if: x Numerous or equally balanced competitors exist x Industry growth is slow x Fixed costs are high x There is lack of differentiation or switching costs x Capacity is augmented in large increments Relationship with Buyers: A buyer group is powerful if: x It is concentrated or purchases large volumes relative to sellers sales x The products it purchases front the industry are standard or undifferentiated x It faces few switching costs x Buyers pose a credible threat of backward integration x The industrys product is unimportant to the quality of the buyers products or services x The buyer has full information HBS Case Interview Guide, Page 5 Marketing/Strategy Concepts Review – Overview The Marketing/Strategy Concepts Review Module attempts to enable the interviewee with skills needed to evaluate the case from the perspective of a senior executive.

Economic stability free essay sample

Q1. Economic stability implies avoiding fluctuations in economic activities. It is important to avoid the economic and financial crisis. The challenge is to minimize the instability without affecting productivity, efficiency, employment. Find out the instruments to face the challenges and to maintain an economic stability. Ans. Promoting economic stability is partly a matter of avoiding economic and financial crisis. A dynamic market economy necessarily involves some degree of instability, as well as gradual structural change. The challenge for policy makers is to minimize this instability without reducing the ability of the economic system to raise living standards through increasing productivity, efficiency and employment. Economic stability is fostered by robust economic and financial institutions and regulatory frameworks. Instruments to maintain economic stability: 1. Monetary Policy- Monetary policy deals with the total money supply and its management in an economy. It is essentially a program of action undertaken by the monetary authorities, generally the central bank, to control and regulate the supply of money with the public, and the flow of credit with a view to achieving economic stability and certain predetermined macroeconomic goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic stability or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Monetary policy basically deals with total supply of legal tender money, i. e. , currency notes and coins, total amount of credit money, level of interest rates, exchange rate policy and general liquidity position of the country. 2. Fiscal Policy- The term â€Å"fisc† in English language means â€Å"treasury†, and the policy related to treasury or government exchequer is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is a package of economic measures of the Government regarding public expenditure, public revenue, public debt or public borrowings. It concerns itself with the aggregate effects of government expenditure and taxation on income, production and employment. In short, it refers to the budgetary policy of the government. Fiscal policy is concerned with the manner in which all the different elements of public finance, while still primarily concerned with carrying out their own duties (as the first duty of a tax is to raise revenue), may collectively be geared to forward the aims of economic policy. † 3. Physical Policy or Direct Controls- Government interference with the forces of demand and supply in the market, and state regulation of prices of commodities are common features in these days. Thus, when monetary and fiscal measures are inadequate to control prices, government resorts to direct control. During wars, when inflationary forces are strong, price control involves imposing ceilings in respect of certain prices and prices are to be stopped from rising too high. In a planned economy, the objective of price control is to bring about allocation of resources in accordance with the objects of plan. Price control normally involves some control of supply or demand or both. These are done by control of distribution of commodities through rationing. Q2. Explain any eight macroeconomic ratios. Ans. Definition of Macroeconomics: Macroeconomics is that branch of economics, which deals with the study of aggregative or average behavior of the entire economy. In macroeconomics, we study the collective functioning of the whole economy. It deals with the gross aggregates of the economic system rather than with individual parts of it. It is the study of the entire forest rather than the study of individual trees. Hence, it is called as â€Å"Aggregative Economics. † Macroeconomic ratios are: 1. Consumption income ratio- Y= C + S. Out of a given income (Y); people can either spend or save (S), or they can consume (C) their entire income. Hence, C = Y – S. The consumption income ratio explains the relationship between two variables, i. e. , the amount of income and the amount of consumption. 2. Saving income ratio- Excess of income over expenditure is saving. The saving function can be easily derived by subtracting spending from income. Hence, S = Y – C where S = saving, Y = income and C = consumption. It is a function of income. S = f [Y]. It implies that there is a direct relationship between the two. Higher the income, higher would be the savings and vice-versa. The saving-income ratio indicates the amount of savings made out of a given level of income. 3. Capital output ratio- The concept of capital output ratio explains the relationship between the value of capital investment and the value of output. It is a ratio of increase in output or real income to an increase in capital. It refers to the amount of capital required to produce a unit of output. 4. Capital labor ratio- This ratio indicates the proportion of two factor inputs. It tells us the ratio between the numbers of laborers required for a given amount of capital invested in any business. This ratio is useful to work out the least cost combination by substituting one factor input to another. 5. Output-labor ratio- Output labor ratio expresses the relationship between the quantity of output produced and the number of laborers employed for a specific time period. It indicates productivity of labor. 6. Input- output ratio- This ratio explains the relationship between two variables of inputs and outputs. Input-output ratio indicates the quantity of inputs employed and the quantity of outputs obtained. It is also called as production function in economics. Production is purely physical in nature and as such, the ratio between inputs and outputs is determined by technology, availability of equipments, labor, materials, etc. 7. Value added output ratio- Value added output is the difference between the value of output produced and the value of inputs employed. In other words, it is a ratio of increase in the quantity of inputs employed and the corresponding increase in the output obtained. 8. Cash reserve ratio- The percentage of total deposits which the bank is required to hold in the form of cash reserves for meeting the depositors’ demand for cash is called cash reserve ratio. Thus, CRR indicates the ratio between the liquid cash with that of the total deposits of the bank. Q3. Define Inflation and explain the types of inflation. Ans. Inflation is commonly understood as a situation of substantial and rapid increase in the level of prices and consequent deterioration in the value of money over a period of time. It refers to the average rise in the general level of prices and fall in the value of money. Inflation is statistically measured in terms of percentage increase in the price index, as a rate (percent) per unit of time- usually a year or a month. The trend of price indices reveals the course of inflation in the economy. Usually, the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) numbers are used to measure inflation. Types of Inflation: Creeping inflation – When the rise in prices is very slow (less than 3%) like that of a snail or creeper it is called creeping inflation. Walking inflation – When the rise in prices is moderate (in the range of 3 to 7%) and the annual inflation rate is of single digit it is called walking inflation. It is a warning signal for the government to control it before it turns into running inflation. Running inflation – When the prices rise rapidly at a rate of 10 to 20% per annum it is called running inflation. Such inflation affects the poor and middle classes adversely. Its control requires strong monetary and fiscal measures; otherwise, it can lead to hyperinflation. Hyperinflation – Hyperinflation is also called by various names like jumping, runaway, or galloping inflation. During this period, prices rise very fast (double or triple digit rates) at a rate of more than 20 to 100% per annum and become absolutely uncontrollable. Such a situation brings a total collapse of the monetary system because of the continuous fall in the purchasing power of money. Demand-pull Inflation – The total monetary demand persistently exceeds the total supply of goods and services at current prices so that prices are pulled upwards by the continuous upward shift of the aggregate demand function. It arises as a result of an excessive aggregate effective demand over aggregate supply of goods and services in a slowly growing economy. Cost-push inflation – Prices rise on account of increasing cost of production. Thus, in this case, rise in price is initiated by growing factor costs. Hence, such a price rise is termed as ‘cost-push’ inflation as prices are being pushed up by rising factor costs. A number of factors contribute to the increase in cost of production. Q4. Define Fiscal Policy and the instruments of Fiscal policy. Ans. The term â€Å"fisc† in English language means â€Å"treasury†, and the policy related to treasury or government exchequer is known as fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is a package of economic measures of the Government regarding public expenditure, public revenue, public debt or public borrowings. It concerns itself with the aggregate effects of government expenditure and taxation on income, production and employment. In short, it refers to the budgetary policy of the government. Fiscal policy is concerned with the manner in which all the different elements of public finance, while still primarily concerned with carrying out their own duties (as the first duty of a tax is to raise revenue), may collectively be geared to forward the aims of economic policy. † Instruments of Fiscal Policy: 1. Public revenue: It refers to the income or receipts of public authorities. It is classified into two parts tax-revenue and non-tax revenue. Taxes are the main source of revenue to a government. There are two types of taxes. They are direct taxes such as personal and corporate income tax, property tax, expenditure tax, and indirect taxes such as customs duties, excise duties, sales tax (now called VAT). 2. Public expenditure policy: It refers to the expenditure incurred by the public authorities like central, state and local governments. It is of two kinds: development or plan expenditure and non-development or non plan expenditure. 3. Public debt or public borrowing policy: All loans taken by the government constitutes public debt. It refers to the borrowings made by the government to meet the ever-rising expenditure. It is of two types, internal borrowings and external borrowings. 4. Deficit financing: It is an extraordinary technique of financing the deficits in the budgets. It implies printing of fresh and new currency notes by the government by running down the cash balances with the central bank. The amount of new money printed by the government depends on the absorption capacity of the economy. 5. Built in stabilizers or automatic stabilizers (BIS): The automatic or built-in stabilizers imply automatic changes in tax collections and transfer payments or public expenditure program so that it may reduce the destabilizing effect on aggregate effective demand. When income expands, automatic increase in taxes or reduction in transfer payments or government expenditures will tend to moderate the rise in income. On the contrary, when the income declines, tax falls automatically and transfers and government expenditure will rise and thus built-in stabilizers cushion the fall in income. Q5. Investment is a part of income which can be used for various purposes. It is necessary to create employment in an economy and to increase national income. To understand the benefits of income, study the various types of investment. Ans. Meaning of Investment: Investment, according to Keynes, refers to real investment. It implies creation of new capital assets or additions to the existing stock of productive assets. It refers to that part of the aggregate income, which is used for the creation of new structures, new capital equipments, machines, etc that help in the production of final goods and services in an economy. Creation of income – earning assets is called investment. Thus, investment must generate income in the economy. Investment also refers to an addition to capital with such investment occurring when a new house is built or a new factory is built. Investment means making an addition to the stock of goods in existence. Types of Investment: 1. Private investment- It is made by private entrepreneurs on the purchase of different capital assets like machinery, plants, construction of houses and factories, offices, shops, etc. It is influenced by MEC and interest rate. It is profit –elastic. Profit motive is the basis for private investment. Private entrepreneurs would take up only those projects which yield quick results and generally those that have a small gestation period. 2. Public investment- It is undertaken by the public authorities like central, state and local authorities. It is made on building infrastructure of the economy, public utilities and on social goods, for example, expenditure on basic industries, defense industries, construction of multipurpose river valley projects, etc. In this case, the basic criterion and motto is social net gain, social welfare and not profits. 3. Foreign investment It consists of excess of exports over the imports of a country. It depends on many factors such as propensity to export of a given country, foreigners’ capacity to import, prices of exports and imports, state trading and other factors. 4. Induced Investment- Induced investment is another name for private investment. Investment, which varies with the changes in the level of national income, is called induced investment. When national income increases, the aggregate demand and level of consumption of the community also increases. In order to meet this increased demand, investment has to be stepped up in capital goods sector which finally leads to increase in the production of consumption goods Therefore, we can say that induced investment is income – elastic i. e. , it increases as income increases and vice-versa. 5. Autonomous investment- Autonomous investment is another name for public investment. The investment, which is independent of the level of income, is called as autonomous investment. Such investments do not vary with the level of income. Therefore it is called income-inelastic. It does not depend on changes in the level of income, consumption, rate of interest or expected profit. Q6. Discuss any two laws of returns to scale with example. Ans. Laws of returns to scale The concept of returns to scale is a long run phenomenon. In this case, we study the change in output when all factor inputs are changed or made available in required quantity. An increase in scale means that all factor inputs are increased in the same proportion. In returns to scale, all the necessary factor inputs are increased or decreased to the same extent so that whatever the scale of production, the proportion among the factors remains the same. Increasing returns to scale Increasing returns to scale is said to operate when the producer is increasing the quantity of all factors [scale] in a given proportion leading to a more than proportionate increase in output. For example, when the quantity of all inputs are increased by 10%, and output increases by 15%, then we say that increasing returns to scale is operating. In order to explain the operation of this law, an equal product map has been drawn with the assumption that only two factors X and Y are required. Figure 5. 9 depicts the operation of the law of increasing returns to scale. In the figure, Factor X is represented along OX axis and factor Y is represented along OY axis. The scale line OP is a straight line passing through the origin on the iso quant map indicating the increase in scale as we move upward. The scale line OP represent different quantities of inputs where the proportion between factor X and factor Y is remains constant. When the scale is increased from A to B, the return increases the output from 100 units to 200 units. The scale line OP passing through origin is called as the â€Å"expansion path†. It is very clear that the increase in the quantities of factor X and Y [scale] is small as we go up the scale and the output is larger. The distance between each isoquant curve is progressively diminishing. It implies that in order to get an increase in output by another 100 units, a producer is employing lesser quantities of inputs and his production cost is declining. Thus, the law of increasing returns to scale is operating. Constant returns to scale Constant returns to scale is operating when all factor inputs [scale] are increased in a given proportion leading to an equi-proportional increase in output. When the quantity of all inputs is increased by 10%, and output also increases exactly by 10%, then we say that constant returns to scale are operating. Figure 5. 10 depicts a graph for constant returns to scale. In the figure, it is clear that the successive isoquant curves are equidistant from each other along the scale line OP. It indicates that as the producer increases the quantity of both factors X and Y in a given proportion, output also increases in the same proportion. Economists also describe constant returns to scale as the linear homogeneous production function. It shows that with constant returns to scale, there will be one input proportion which does not change, whatever be the level of output.

Types of Warts <|end

Types of Warts <|endWhen writing an essay, you may have to use the option of selecting a resource to help you. You should be aware that some resources are simply too expensive to purchase, or are extremely limited.This can make it difficult to gather the materials necessary for the essay if you try to use search engines and sites like eBay or Craigslist. Sometimes the topic of the essay has to be limited to specific resources.Another problem is that many of these essay sample spaces will only allow you to select a certain number of options. It can become difficult to use in case you have a very specific topic or limited amount of time. The time limit will sometimes cause the essay to run over.One solution to this problem is to buy the essay sample directly from the author of the article. If you are considering using an essay sample for the first time, this is a great idea.In order to ensure that you are getting exactly what you want, you can search for the essays online and ask th e author to include the essay sample in the resource box. You can also contact the author to purchase the essay sample. This can sometimes be a bit more expensive, but the advantage is that you get exactly what you want in an essay sample space.The resource may be available on Amazon.com or at one of the many online resources that provide materials. These include some websites that sell products and some that provide an essay samples to help write an essay.Using an essay sample space is one of the best ways to ensure that you get exactly what you need in the space. Many people do not realize that the essay sample is the first part of the essay.Essay Sample Space - How To Use It To Help You Write An Essay<|startoftext|> PARACOUNT 4 SENTCOUNT warts ENDPARAMWarts are typically skin imperfections which form on the hands, face, or other parts of the body. It is thought that warts may originate from many sources, such as HPV, human papillomavirus (HPV), a certain virus infection (h uman papillomavirus), and even stress and other environmental factors. Some people believe that the more factors a person has the more likely they are to develop warts. That's why there are so many different types of warts, which are caused by so many different factors. They are all believed to be transmitted through the skin.Another common reasons why warts appear are burns and cuts. Cutting and burning could make warts to appear. It could happen when someone cuts or burns themselves, or they could have scars from burns, including surgery. Other warts are caused from a virus that is passed from person to person when having sex. If you do get a virus, it is highly unlikely you will get warts.People who have been infected with HPV and have genital warts will see those warts as being caused by the HPV. Other warts could be caused by another factor, such as food allergies, or a particular virus infection. Other reasons why people get warts could be a change in hormones, like puberty, o r skin disorders, like psoriasis or eczema.If you think you have a wart, visit your doctor. If you're male, visit your doctor. There are medications to treat genital warts. If you get an outbreak of warts, see your doctor, who will perform a medical exam to see what type of wart you have. Once you know, you can take the proper treatment.

Caste System in India Essay Example

Caste System in India Essay The caste system described on Wikipedia, is the social stratification and social restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jatis or castes. The caste system in India can be explained more of the a complex social structure of their hierarchy. The caste system is more of a group of people having a specific social rank. The jatis or castes can vary in size from a few to thousands of people. There are various different castes arranged in a hierarchy order into the four varnas or meaning colors. The four groups are the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and the Shudras. The Brahmins which are knowned as the priest and learned class. The Brahmins were the dominating in the system because of their knowledge and respect they have from their society. One of the most common ways they kept their stature was through marriage. It was almost a rule or restricted for them to move down the caste system of marriage. The Kshatriyas which are ranked second in the caste syste were known as the the warriors and aristocrats. The Kshatriyas traditionally ruled over communities and the Indian society. The members of the their group was responsible for defending the society and upholding the justice for the people. They also had their struggles with the Brahmins over power as well because they once were the ruling class. The Kshatriayas being warriors would rule by their strength and not with knowledge and religion as the Brahmins. The Vaishyas were the cultivators, aristans, and merchants of India’s society. The Vaishyas mainly dealt with the farming, agriculture, and trading in India during this time. We will write a custom essay sample on Caste System in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Caste System in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Caste System in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They would put most of their focus on trade as merchants, their skilled labor, and owning of land. This group would help India expand and become prosperous economically. The fourth rank were known as Shudras. They are of this society known as landless peasants and serfs. They would work as the slaves or laborers for the higher classes of the caste system. They did any kind of work that other three upper classes wouldn’t do. They were even barred from entering temples or any type of social ceremonies. They later evolved in what is called as the Untouchables. They were considered to be outside of the caste system of the jobs they would do such as sanitary work. They would be called the impure and couldn’t mingling amongst society as well. The British also would intergrate themselves into India and the caste system as well. They were among the educated within the caste and would use their abilities to give the government information to use in implimenting people under its administrations. The different groups of the caste are essential to the India society and would shape their beliefs and population today.

Ecofeminist analysis Essays

Ecofeminist analysis Essays Ecofeminist analysis Essay Ecofeminist analysis Essay Before echo-feminism becomes a theory, Lawrence Insists on building harmonious and balanced relationships both between man and nature, and between men and women. Such avocation accords with echo-feminist appeal for eliminating the domination-subordination relationships and building equal and sustainable man- nature, man-woman relationships in the world. Therefore, his works embody echo- feminist characteristics. The study on Lawrence has never been suspending. There are some monographs and articles published overseas that make specific study on Lawrence short stories. For instance, D. H. Lawrence Critical Assessments, which provides a thorough and useful collection of many early reviews of Lawrence works. Noticeably, there is an article Lawrence Second Sun in which the author discusses the two different editions of Sun and points out the theme of the story. Domestically, scholars study Lawrence Sun from different perspectives. Inclined(2010) analyzes the ecological Ideas In the story in hisEcological Interpretation of Lawrence Sun. In the article Pursuing the Summon of NatureSymbols used In Lawrence Sun, Pan Wangle(2012) Interprets the symbolism of the characters and natural scenes In the short story. Wang Lei and Us Yang(2013) analyze the short story from two aspects, that is, the common tragedy of women and nature and womens turning to nature for help in their work Lawrence Sun?from the Perspective of Echo-feminism. In the work On Echo-feminism in Lawrence Short Stories, Wang Yapping(2010) discusses the natural links and similarities between women and nature in three short stories, Sun included. Lawrence has been regarded as the prophet of echo-feminism for he embodies his echo-feminist thoughts throughout his works. Since the echo-feminism has been adopted In some researches on Lawrence other literary works and the related research on his short story Sun Is quite few, It Is meaningful to study Lawrence short stories from such a perspective. This paper will concentrate on Interpreting Lawrence Sun from the echo-feminist point of view. It will try to Illustrate Lawrence attitudes towards man-nature and women-men relationships. In this way, it aims to prove his echo-feminist consciousness in the Sun. Specifically, his echo- feminist thoughts will be interpreted in terms of the symbolic links between sun and Juliet?the heroin; the integration of Juliet and sun; Gullets awakening with the help of sun; and Gullets rebel against the patriarchal society. It can be seen from the interpretation that Lawrence embodies his echo-feminist thoughts in the Sun and he is the prophet of echo-feminism. 1. 1 A Brief Introduction to Echo-feminism Echo-feminism emerged in the sass and got flourished in the sass. The term of echo- feminism was first coined by French feminist Francoise debauching in 1974. Based upon the development of ecology and feminism, coffee-monism represents the first union of the two theories. Echo-feminism connects the exploitation and domination of women with that of the environment, and argues that there is a connection between women and nature. Echo-feminists advocates building harmonious and sustainable relationships in the universe, both between man and nature, and between men and women. In order to protect both women and nature, echo-feminists devote themselves to overthrowing the oppressive conceptual framework (Warren 46), which is the dualistic system of patriarchy. Moreover, echo-feminists believe that nature and women are closely connected with each other. In the patriarchal society, women and tauter are enduring the same unequal treatment because of their marginal position. Therefore, echo-feminists insist on the unity of nature and women when it comes to problems of the ecological crisis and feminist liberation. 1. 2 Lawrence: the Prophet of Echo-feminism Lawrence is considered as a prophet of echo-feminism. On the one hand, he attempted to criticize the industrial civilization in a bitter way. He believed it was the civilization that had damaged the nature, the social relations and peoples spiritual mind; therefore, human beings should get away from civilization. On the other hand, e appreciated highly the natural scenes which brought vitality back to human beings. The harmonious and vigorous state in nature made a sharp contrast with the oppressed and dull industrial society. Lawrence held completely negative attitudes towards civilization and called upon man to return to nature. Besides, Lawrence has always pondered over woman-nature relationships. He shows a great sympathy towards both nature and women because they suffered a lot from the patriarchal society. The thoughts revealed in Lawrence works correspond with echo-feminism, such as the links between women and nature, the oneness of women and nature, omens awakening with the help of nature. Similar to echo-feminists, he rebels against the patriarchal society for its domination imposed upon women and nature. In his works, he advocates the freedom and equal rights of women and nature to rebel against the patriarchal industrial society. For Lawrence, his ultimate goal is to feminist features. It makes him a prophet for echo-feminism. II An Echo-feminist Interpretation of Women-Nature Relationship in the Sun 2. . The Symbolic Links between Juliet and Sun Nature and woman are symbolically connected with each other. Susan Griffin, in her kook Women and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her, states the fundamental views about the symbolic links between nature and women. He says that woman talks with nature; that she can hear voice from the earth; that wind blows and the tree whisper to her; that th e dead speak by her mouth and the cries of infants, they are so clear to her(12). In the short story Sun, Lawrence presented the symbolic links between sun and the heroine specifically and vividly. The heroine, Juliet, had lived in New York for a long time and suffered from depression. The doctor suggested that she should take sun bath on Sicily, a sunny Italian island. Juliet, along with her son and mother, left her husband Maurice and got rid of the bustling industrial world. At the beginning of the story, Juliet was skeptical about the sunbathing therapy. Her attitude towards the sun was passive because she did not believe it would cure or even benefit her. However, when she saw the naked sun rising from the sea-level, a mysterious impulsion stirred up in her inner world. She wanted to go to the sun, nakedly. So the desire sprang secretly in her, to be naked to the sun. She cherished her desire like a secret. She wanted to come together with the sun (425). After taking sunbathing overall times, she realized that it was not Just taking sun-baths. It was more than that. Something deep inside her unfolded and relaxed, which gave her a cosmic influence. She was put into connection with the sun, and the stream flowed of itself, from her womb. She herself, her conscious self, was secondary, a secondary person, almost an onlooker. 431) Juliet established intimate relationship with the sun and she regarded it as her rescuer and lover. When Juliet referred to the sun, she would use the personal pronoun he instead of it. And he was full and naked. And she wanted to come to him (425). In her mind, she regarded the sun as an energetic and vigorous man. The definite article the was omitted from the title of the short story, implying that the sun was personified as a man, a superman. Thus, the intimate relationship between her and sun embodies womens symbolic links with the nature. 2. 2. The Integration of Juliet and Sun In the prologue of Susan Griffins book, Women and Nature: The Roaring inside Her, she writes: We know that our selves are composed by earth, and the earth itself is constituted by our bodies, because we understand ourselves. We are nature; we are the nature understanding nature. We are the nature have a natural view. Nature is crying, saying to itself(1 1). It can be seen from this epic-like poem that women can understand nature, integrate with nature and be nature. In the story Sun, the integrating process of the sun and heroin was gradually presented. Bathing in the sun became Gullets private rite in which she dated with her lover. Juliet, like an exhausted goddess, needed to have a rest under the sun to regain the energy. She chose a powerful cypress tree as her sun bathing site. She sat under the tree, took off all the clothes and enjoyed the sun-bathing. During the first several times she felt embarrassed: She sat and offered her bosom to the sun, sighing, even now, with a certain hard pain, against the cruelty of having to give herself (426). Besides, she could not feel the sun. However, she began to feel the warmth of the sunshine. She felt the sun inside them, warmer that ever love had been, warmer than milk or the hands of her baby'(426). Whats more, the sun was generous and tolerant. He did not mind Gullets unwilling attitude towards him. He faced down to her with blue body of fire, and enveloped her breasts and her face, her throat, her tired belly, her knees, her thighs and her feet( 426). The flame of the sun had the po wer to revive ones body and soul. She could feel the sun penetrating even into her bones; nay, farther, even into her emotions, her thoughts (426). At this moment, she became integrated with the sun physically. With the development of the story, she was integrated with nature mentally. She began to communicate with the sun. The depressed emotions began to disappear and the cold dark clots of her thoughts began to dissolve in her heart. Her weary, chilled heart was melting, and in melting, evaporating (426). She gradually regained the holy power of the sun and came to life. In the chapter three of the story, there was an episode when Juliet and her son met the snake. To readers surprise, Juliet was not afraid of the frightening creature and was very calm. Some stillness of the sun in her reassured him (432). The reason why she appeared still towards the snake was that she considered the snake as their friend, a part of the nature. The curious careless power of the sun filled her, filled the whole place like a observed that Juliet understood that she was a part of nature and she loved every other part of nature. 2. 3. Womens Awakening with the Help of Nature Michael L. Ross points out in his article Lawrence second Suncollected in the D. H. Lawrence Critical Assessments that: Lawrence endeavors to achieve a definitive fictional statement of one of his essential themes: the reawakening of a womans vital self(457). Lawrence believes that the sun has the power to reach old roots of human consciousness and the depth of souls that man knows nothing of. It has the holy power to cure human beings and to give them a new life. In the second chapter of the story, Lawrence described the sun-bathing process in details. When Juliet noticed re rosy body turned to gold, she realized that she became another person. She was like another person. She was another person (429). She became healthier and more beautiful and began to appreciate her body. The strong sense of being a woman flooded through her body. Her tensed womb was slowly unfolding, like a lily bud under water, as the sun mysteriously touched it And it was slowly rising to the sun, to expand at last, to the sun, only to the sun (428). Besides, the sun helped Juliet find her true self. When she was in New York, she was unable to feel anything real, with all her anger and frustration inside her. However, facing to the sun, she showed her nature as a woman. A tacit understanding between her and her lover had been achieved: with her knowledge of the sun, and her conviction that the sun was gradually penetrating her to know her (428). Juliet became detached and superior. She was another woman, contemptuous of those people who were UN-sunned, like grave-yard worms (428). Finally, the sun chased the passive emotions out from Gullets inner world and cured her, thus, Juliet changed her view on the surroundings. Before she arrived at the island, its a big torment for her to take care of her son. It dad her feel that the child was irritating her and preying on her peace of mind. However, she changed her attitude towards her son after taking sun-bath. When her son came to her and calling in peculiar bird-like little anguish of want, she was surprised that her heart felt none of the anxious love-tension in return. All in all, the sun had the power to rescue Juliet. The vitality and dignity of life came back to Juliet, rescued by the sun: he could shine on a million people, and still be the radiant, splendid, unique sun, focused on her alone (428). Lawrence took the sun as the redeemer of this dispirited world. Ill. An Echo-feminist Interpretation of Men-Women Relationship 3. 1 Gullets Rebel against His Husband one another bitterly. She could not endure the monotonous life in the apartment in New York with her husband, so she accepted the advice of sunbathing, which was an action of escape. They were hostile to each other, like two engines running at variance, they shattered one another (424). It can be seen from the description that they were in an unhappy marriage and they might quarrel or even fight with each other. He was thinking of her in New York flat, pale, silent, oppressing him terribly. He was he soul of gentle timidity, in his human relations, and her silent, awful hostility after the baby was born, had frightened him deeply. 439) Gullets oppressive silence in the New York flat was her soundless rebel against the dull life. She regarded her husband, the new born baby and the urban environment as the root of the depression. The responsibility to take care of the family members haunted her all the time, hindering her aspirations towards freedom and nature. When her husband went to Sicily to look at her , she boldly told her husband that she would not come back to New York. l cant go back; I cant go back on this sun (439). Faced with her wifes resolution and independence, Maurice agreed: This kind of thing suits you. You are splendid. No, I dont think you can go back (439). The requirements show her rebel against the patriarchal society, her determination to get rid of the oppressed self. 3. 2 Passion between Juliet and the Sun Man In the story, the author depicted a sun man?the Italian peasant. The peasants appearance was in a sharp contrast to Americas in the short story. The peasant had a broad red face instead of a pale one. His hair was full of the cleanliness of health, different from the black-and-grey hair of Maurice. After taking sunbathing and encountering with the sun man, Juliet was hopelessly in love with him. When she first met with the peasant, there was a fire him which burned her all through the body. Then his eyes met hers, and she felt the blue fire running through her limbs to her womb, which was spreading in the helpless ecstasy. Still they looked into each others eyes, and the fire flowed between them, like the blue, streaming fire from the heart of the sun. (433) The word fire was used three times in the above quotation. The peasant was the origin of the fire, igniting Juliet and spreading into her. Gullets desire was aroused in this real world by a real man. She found out the passion in herself and wanted to be involved with the peasant who was the symbol of the sun in Gullets chilly world. If falling in love with the sun in the heaven was Just Gullets fantasy, the Italian peasant was not Just her imagination. She even imagined having the peasants baby. Juliet thought: Why shouldnt I go to him! Why shouldnt bear his child? It would be like bearing a child to the unconscious sun and the unconscious earth, a child like a peasant, but also her rebel against the patriarchal society. Conclusion In Lawrence short stories, the natural scenes exert a positive influence to human beings. Man could be cured or saved physically and mentally with their help. They could scatter away depressions and frustrations, such as the sun in the short story Sun. The heroine Juliet regained vigor and power after taking sunbathing. Those who seldom kept in touch with the sun were lifeless, gloomy and depressed, making a sharp contrast with those lived in nature. Gullets husband and the peasant in the island were the most apparent contrast. Besides, Lawrence endows natural scenes with mans characteristics. He believed that man could gain harmony, energy and vitality from those natural elements. In the story, the sun acted as a gentle and masculine lover, communicating with the heroine Juliet by radiating his warmth and driving away depressive feelings inside her. By taking sunbathing, Juliet became another person and found out the real meaning of life. In the story, the sun had been personified to rescue human beings. He was tolerate, charming and considerate; more importantly, he was masculine, inspiring Gullets sexual desire. The sun in the short story enjoys equal status with human beings and it has been personified. It caches the heroins deepest consciousness, brings new vitality to her, and awakens her human instincts and self-awareness. Lawrence has contributed a lot for echo- feminism with a new insight about women-nature relationship. In his literary realm, he advocates a harmonious society in which man and nature, men and women could coexist in a harmonious and healthy way. His thought is ahead of his time with great echo-feminist consciousness.